Enthalpy of sublimation

In thermodynamics, the enthalpy of sublimation, or heat of sublimation, is the heat required to sublimate (change from solid to gas) one mole of a substance at a given combination of temperature and pressure, usually standard temperature and pressure (STP). It is equal to the cohesive energy of the solid. For elemental metals, it is also equal to the standard enthalpy of formation of the gaseous metal atoms.^[1] The heat of sublimation is usually expressed in kJ/mol, although the less customary kJ/kg is also encountered.

Sublimation enthalpies

symbol	substances	Sublimation enthalpy (kJ/mol)
Li	lithium	159^[1]
Na	sodium	107^[1]
K	potassium	89^[1]
Rb	rubidium	81^[1]
Cs	caesium	76^[1]
Mg	magnesium	148^[1]
Ca	calcium	178^[1]
Sr	strontium	164^[1]
Ba	barium	180^[1]
Fe	iron	416^[1]
Ni	nickel	430^[1]
Cu	copper	338^[1]
Zn	zinc	131^[1]
Ag	silver	285^[1]
W	tungsten	849^[1]
Au	gold	366^[1]
C	graphite	717^[1]
C	diamond	715^[1]
Si	silicon	456^[1]
Sn	tin	302^[1]
Pb	lead	195^[1]
Fm	fermium	141^[2]
I₂	iodine	62.4^[3]
C₁₀H₈	naphthalene	72.9^[3]
CO₂	carbon dioxide	25^[3]
H₂O	water	51.1

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113
^ Haire, Richard G.; Gibson, John K. "The enthalpy of sublimation and thermodynamic functions of fermium". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 91: 7085–7096. doi:10.1063/1.457326.
^ ^a ^b ^c Chickos, James S.; Acree, William E. (2002). "Enthalpies of Sublimation of Organic and Organometallic Compounds. 1910–2001". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 31 (2): 537–698. doi:10.1063/1.1475333. ISSN 0047-2689.

[Oxtoby8th-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113

[2] Haire, Richard G.; Gibson, John K. "The enthalpy of sublimation and thermodynamic functions of fermium". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 91: 7085–7096. doi:10.1063/1.457326.

[:0-3] Chickos, James S.; Acree, William E. (2002). "Enthalpies of Sublimation of Organic and Organometallic Compounds. 1910–2001". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 31 (2): 537–698. doi:10.1063/1.1475333. ISSN 0047-2689.

[1]

[2]

[3]

v t e States of matter (list)
State	Solid Liquid Gas / Vapor Supercritical fluid Plasma
Low energy	Bose–Einstein condensate Fermionic condensate Degenerate matter Quantum Hall Rydberg matter Strange matter Superfluid Supersolid Photonic molecule
High energy	QCD matter Quark–gluon plasma Color-glass condensate
Other states	Colloid Crystal Liquid crystal Time crystal Quantum spin liquid Exotic matter Programmable matter Dark matter Antimatter Magnetically ordered Antiferromagnet Ferrimagnet Ferromagnet String-net liquid Superglass
Phase transitions	Boiling Boiling point Condensation Critical line Critical point Crystallization Deposition Evaporation Flash evaporation Freezing Chemical ionization Ionization Lambda point Melting Melting point Recombination Regelation Saturated fluid Sublimation Supercooling Triple point Vaporization Vitrification
Quantities	Enthalpy of fusion Enthalpy of sublimation Enthalpy of vaporization Latent heat Latent internal energy Trouton's rule Volatility
Concepts	Baryonic matter Binodal Compressed fluid Cooling curve Equation of state Leidenfrost effect Macroscopic quantum phenomena Mpemba effect Order and disorder (physics) Spinodal Superconductivity Superheated vapor Superheating Thermo-dielectric effect

Sublimation enthalpies

See also

References